Recent studies on car ownership levels and vehicle trip generation rates suggest that many large-scale housing projects near urban rail stations are “over-parked” – more parking is provided than is needed. This can drive up the cost of housing, consume valuable land near transit stops, and impose such environmental costs as increased impervious surface area. Part of the blame for the over-supply of parking in transit-oriented developments (TODs) could be the reliance on ITE parking generation figures. This research compares actual parking demand with parking supplies and ITE rates for 20 large-scale multi-family housing projects in four rail-served metropolitan areas: Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. The impacts of over-supplying parking on housing affordability, project profitability, land consumption, environmental pollution, travel demand, and other areas will be explored. This will be supplemented by case studies on the evolution of zoning and building codes in TODs, including their rationales, institutional and political contexts, influences on TOD planning and designs, and views of local residents. Based on both quantities and qualitative results, possibilities for various reforms – such as transit eco-pass substitutions, unbundling parking and housing provisions/costing, flexible parking codes, and near-site carsharing – will be examined.
Principal Investigator:
Robert Cervero
Contact Information:
Tel: 510.642.1695
Fax: 510.642.1641
Email: robertc@berkeley.edu
Website: http://www.uctc.net/
Start Date: 8/1/07
